20. Louise Glück, Proofs & Theories, Essays on Poetry, The Ecco Press, New Jersey, 1994, p91.
21. Alberto Blanco, 'Metamorphosis of a Chair', Monica de la Torres and Michael Wiegers, eds., Reversible Monuments, Contemporary Mexican Poetry, Copper Canyon Press, Port Townsend, Washington, 2002, p417 (Blanco translated by Joan Lindgren).
22. Louise Glück, Proofs & Theories, Essays on Poetry, The Ecco Press, New Jersey, 1994, p91.
23. Paul Celan, 'The Meridian', Paul Celan, Collected Prose, (First translation by Rosmarie Waldrop), Carcanet, UK, (1986), 1999, p49.
24. Paul Celan, 'The Meridian', Paul Celan, Collected Prose, (First translation by Rosmarie Waldrop), Carcanet, UK, (1986), 1999, p49.
25. Mark A. Roberts, 'Memory And Poetry Of Preservation', Issue 1:2, Nantahala, Bristol, VA October 2002, (https://www.nantahalareview.org/issue1-2/view1_2/memory.htm).
26. Stuart Chase (in collaboration with Marian Tyler Chase), Power of Words, Phoenix House Ltd, London, 1955, p50.
27. Stephen Lacey, 'Fee, fie, faux', Good Weekend, Sydney Morning Herald, 16 October, 2004, p33.
28. Aristotle, Poetics 1451.
29. Frank R Zindler, 'Spirit, Soul, and Mind' (The Probing Mind, February 1985), American Atheists, www.atheists.org/Atheism/mind.html.
30. Frank R Zindler, 'Spirit, Soul, and Mind' (The Probing Mind, February 1985), American Atheists, www.atheists.org/Atheism/mind.html.
31. Octavio Paz, 'San Ildefonso nocturne' (from Vuelta (Return)), The Collected Poems of Octavio Paz, 1957-1987, (Edited and Translated by Eliot Weinberger), New Directions, New York, 1987, 1991, p423.
32. Said by a man I cannot find the name of.
33. Bob Perelman, The Marginalization of Poetry: Language Writing and Literary History, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1996, p41 (quoting Zukofsky).
34. Carson, Economy of the Unlost (Reading Simonedes of Keos with Paul Celan), Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 1999, p129. Carson states: 'In the ancient world, people inaugurated contests and trials of prowess and strength, like the Olympic Games, to provide a location where human excellence could manifest itself and so become a subject of song, as burning entails flame. Modernity devises different ordeals. Here life and death are not merely analogically present. Burning occurs. Gold is real. Smoke is literal. And it becomes harder (perhaps too hard) for poetry to hold its own. As Simonides once said, "Seeming does violence even to the truth." Do poets still watch the flame burn down? But to praise it is a gratuitous act, like throwing coins onto a pyre.'
35. Mary Ann Caws, 'Literal or Liberal: Translating Perception' Critical Inquiry 13 (1986), p55.
36. Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Differend: Phrases in Dispute, Theory and History of Literature, Volume 46 (translated by Georges Van Den Abbeele), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1988, p157.
37. Paul Celan, Selected Poems, (translated with an Introduction by Michael Hamburger), Penguin Books, Middlesex, England, 1996, pp52-53.
38. Paul Celan, Selected Poems, (translated with an Introduction by Michael Hamburger), Penguin Books, Middlesex, England, 1996, pp100-101.
39. Paul Celan, Selected Poems and Prose of Paul Celan, (translated by John Felstiner), W. W. Norton, New York, London, 2001, pp76-77.
40. Paul Celan, Glottal Stop: 101 Poems by Paul Celan, (translated by Nikolai Popov and Heather McHugh), Wesleyan University Press, University Press of New England, 2000, pxiii. Note use of the word 'target'.
41. All quotes from Suzanne Bachelard's Preface, 'The Experience of a Book', to Gaston Bachelard, Fragments of a Poetics of Fire, (translated by Kenneth Haltman), The Dallas Institute Publications, Dallas, Texas, 1990, ppxvi, xvii and xviii.